Sustainable Agriculture with Biodegradable Mulching Films: Polyvinyl Alcohol and Starch-Based Solutions

Abstract

In this review, the environmental effects of conventional non-biodegradable polyethene mulching films are specifically examined, alongside the growing issue of plastic pollution in agriculture. It emphasizes the urgent need for environmentally friendly substitutes and concentrates on biodegradable materials like starch-based films and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA is unique because it forms a strong film, is biodegradable, and works well to retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and increase crop yields - especially when mixed with natural polymers like starch. Conversely, starch-based films are attractive due to their renewable nature, abundance, and environmental friendliness; however, they often exhibit lower mechanical strength and durability. Additionally, the study examines current research aimed at improving these materials through mixing, crosslinking, and nanofillers. In addition, it examines their field performance, their impact on soil health, and their potential economic and environmental benefits. In general, mulching films made from PVA and starch are viable, environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional plastics, helping reduce waste and promote sustainable farming methods. According to the review, more multidisciplinary research is necessary to further improve these materials for widespread, useful application in contemporary farming.